דו״ח מאומת

<h4>Background</h4>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) account for approximately 38% of the adult diet, corresponding with a global increase in the prevalence of mental illnesses. Understanding the relationship between UPF consumption and mental health is crucial for public health and clinical practice.<h4>Objectives</h4>To uncover the association between consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF), dysregulated lipid metabolism, and increased risk of mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), eating disorders (ED), and food addiction (FA). In addition, this review explores the potential biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie these associations for each disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guideline, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. The retrieved records, screened using Covidence, included English-language studies published between 2020 and 2025 that involved participants without significant comorbidities. Relevant data on associations and proposed mechanisms were extracted and synthesized using a narrative approach.<h4>Results</h4>UPF consumption was associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and increased risk of Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Autism, ED, and FA. Dose-dependent increases in risk were identified in all mental illnesses except for autism. Proposed mechanisms for all these increased risks included systemic low-grade inflammation, alterations in neuronal signaling, particularly dopamine and serotonin signaling pathways, and the influence of UPF additives on neurochemical regulation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>There is a strong association between UPF consumption, disrupted lipid metabolism and increased risk of mental disorder in populations without significant comorbidities. Diets rich in minimally processed foods appear protective. The findings support the potential of public health initiatives aimed at reducing UPF consumption to mitigate the mental health burden. Future studies should focus on mechanistic pathways, UPF and minimally processed food consumption patterns to provide evidence for targeted dietary and policy interventions that improve health outcomes.…

PMID: 41648759

The interaction between the gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) diseases has emerged as a major focus in neuroscience and microbiome research. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota influence the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and psychiatric conditions via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and not yet fully elucidated. Advances in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and diffusion tensor imaging, now enable <i>in vivo</i> visualization of associations between gut microbial alterations and abnormalities in brain structure and function, providing new perspectives for understanding the role of gut microbiota in CNS pathology. This review systematically reviews neuroimaging-based research linking gut microbiota to neurological diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury), and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder). It highlights the mediating roles of microbial metabolites, immune-inflammatory responses, and neuroimmune pathways, and discusses future directions integrating multi-omics data with neuroimaging technologies, as well as their potential clinical applications. What distinguishes this review from its predecessors in the same field is its explicit neuroimaging-driven framework rather than general mechanistic discussion.…

PMID: 41859452

We examined the association between low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) consumption during preconception, pregnancy, and breastfeeding and child health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases in PubMed, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Health and Medical, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted up to 21 September 2023. A random effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation was used for the meta-analysis. Seventeen eligible studies were included. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in birth weight between those who frequently consumed LCS (≥1 serve/day) during pregnancy and those who did not consume LCS was 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) (four cohort studies). Any LCS consumption during pregnancy compared with no consumption was not associated with birth weight [SMD (95% CI) = 0.03 (-0.03, 0.08)] (four cohort studies). Any LCS consumption during pregnancy was not associated with body mass index z-scores. The weighted mean difference (95% CI) was 0.00 (-0.05, 0.06) at birth, 0.06 (-0.29, 0.40) at 6 months, -0.04 (-0.19, 0.10) at 1 year, 0.00 (-0.16, 0.17) at 3 years, and 0.10 (-0.15, 0.34) at 7 years of the child age, compared with no intake (five cohort studies). The odds of being overweight at 1 year among children exposed to LCS during pregnancy was 1.19 (OR [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.81, 1.58]) compared with unexposed children (two cohort studies). The effect sizes were not precise for all the outcomes as the 95% CI indicated the effect estimates could range from small protective to a higher risk. The effect of LCS consumption on child behaviour and cognition was inconsistent. There is not enough evidence to confirm LCS consumption during pregnancy affects birth weight and risk of overweight in children. However, frequent consumption increased birth weight and the risk of overweight at different ages, though the effects were imprecise. More robust research evidence is required as the quality of evidence is low.…

PMID: 39344708

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the concerns raised by Ayoub-Charette et al [...].…

PMID: 38474804